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A Senate-approved U.S. bill could expose India to tariffs of up to 100%.
The proposed penalties target major purchasers of Russian energy, potentially including India.
The measure is intended to pressure Russia by targeting countries buying its energy.
The bill still needs House approval before it can become law.
More context
Presidential action would also be required for the proposed tariffs to affect India.
India raised concerns about the legislation during interim trade-agreement negotiations.
An Indian government source nevertheless described recent discussions as reassuring.
Virtual talks continue on non-tariff barriers and other trade provisions.
Russian crude accounted for 55.3% of India’s purchases through July 29.
A White House adviser said Donald Trump and Narendra Modi could address tariff differences directly.