CATCH ME UP
France test-fired an upgraded M51.3 strategic ballistic missile from the nuclear-powered submarine Le Vigilant off western France.
The missile was unarmed and did not carry a nuclear warhead during the test.
The French defence ministry said the launch helped certify Le Vigilant after a maintenance overhaul.
It was the first time an upgraded M51 was launched from a submarine.
Why it mattersThe test signals France is modernizing its nuclear deterrent, which affects European security calculations and the credibility of its response options amid heightened tension with Russia.
More context
President Emmanuel Macron said the test underscored the country’s strategic credibility and deterrence posture, and described it as a strong message amid heightened tensions with Russia.