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Amit Shah said the Uniform Civil Code will be introduced across all 21 NDA-ruled states before the next Lok Sabha election in 2029.
The plan depends on individual states passing their own legislation, with existing examples in Uttarakhand, Gujarat and Assam.
The announcement has intensified debate over tribal exemptions and constitutional provisions.
Asaduddin Owaisi responded by saying the UCC targets Muslims rather than promoting equality.
More context
The political row has also brought renewed attention to earlier disputes over the NRC and electoral roll revisions.