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The Federation of American Scientists estimates that India has assembled about 190 nuclear warheads.
The estimate is based on open sources, state-originating data, and commercial satellite imagery, and the figures carry uncertainty because India does not publicly disclose its stockpile size.
The report says India’s arsenal is above Pakistan’s estimated 170 warheads but far below China’s estimated 620 warheads.
The assessment says India’s stockpile is expected to grow as new delivery systems are developed.
Why it mattersThe estimate reshapes regional deterrence debates by showing India ahead of Pakistan and nearing the UK’s arsenal size.
More context
It also notes India commissioned its third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, INS Aridhaman, in April.
One analysis says the International Panel on Fissile Materials estimated India had produced about 730 kg of weapon-grade plutonium by early 2026.
The report reiterates India’s commitment to its no-first-use nuclear doctrine following past nuclear tests.