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Kiren Rijiju challenged Rahul Gandhi to face Amit Shah in Parliament.
The government said Amit Shah was ready to give a detailed reply on student protests.
Opposition parties demanded answers over alleged police action against protesting students.
The dispute repeatedly disrupted proceedings in both Houses.
More context
Government leaders accused the Opposition of avoiding debate and causing the deadlock.
The Opposition maintained broader demands, including accountability over alleged police excesses.
Rival government and Opposition demonstrations took place on Parliament premises.
The Lok Sabha passed 11 bills without discussion, according to one assessment.
Lok Sabha productivity was reported at 19%, while Rajya Sabha productivity stood at 39%.
The Monsoon Session ended with the Lok Sabha adjourned sine die amid protests.