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At least 18 Assamese villagers were injured in the firing.
Four of those injured were reported to be in critical condition.
The confrontation occurred at Mingmang Basti along the disputed border.
Unidentified men allegedly opened fire from the Arunachal Pradesh side.
More context
Officials linked the dispute to alleged encroachment and competing land claims.
No involvement by Arunachal Pradesh police or government was confirmed.
Assam Police sent reinforcements after the incident.
Officials and police chiefs from both states coordinated to reduce tensions.
The clash comes amid decades of unresolved boundary disagreements.
An earlier casualty estimate of eight was later revised to 18.